• As an inflammatory mediator histamine plays

  2021-11-04

  

  As an inflammatory mediator, histamine plays a pivotal role in nociceptive processes in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (Gemkow et al., 2009; Hough & Rice, 2011; Tiligada et al., 2009). In this respect, the participation of H3Rs in modulating pain, especially neuropathic pain, has at

• br References and recommended reading Papers of

  2021-11-03

  

  References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Introduction Male sexual maturation includes gonadal maturation, secondary sexual characteristics, and the attainment of reproductive capacity [1]. Male sexual di

• br Although there are growing bodies of research dealing wit

  2021-11-03

  

  Although there are growing bodies of research dealing with diverse non-imidazole based compounds, they are not free from obstacles in their development pipeline and hence the design of these compounds is complicated by various factors briefly discussed below. One of the problems in designing H3R a

• Importantly the regulation of the Hippo pathway by metabolic

  2021-11-03

  

  Importantly, the regulation of the Hippo pathway by metabolic networks, such as by glycolysis39, 40, hexosamine biosynthesis41, 42, and mevalonate synthesis43, 44, as well as by nutrient-sensing pathways including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 40, 45, 46 and mTOR 47, 48, 49, 50, was recently d

• Apigenin trihydroxyflavone a natural plant flavone is

  2021-11-03

  

  Apigenin (4′, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone), a natural plant flavone, is a bioactive compound present in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, and its various beneficial biological activities have been reviewed (Zhou et al., 2017), including HIF-1α inhibition-mediated anti-tumor. Recently

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-11-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Recently, we characterized the interaction of the PH domains of various Lbc family RhoGEFs with the activated small GTPase, RhoA, and demonstrated that this could serve as a positive feedback mechanism for robust activation of RhoA (Medina et al., 20

• Numerous stimuli lead to inactivation of GSK including Growt

  2021-11-03

  

  Numerous stimuli lead to inactivation of GSK-3, including Growth Factors such as EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor), PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor), BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor), IGF (Insulin-like growth factor) and insulin (Beaulieu et al., 2009, Chen and Russo-Neustadt, 2005, Cohen a

• Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus GDM is one of the

  2021-11-03

  

  Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications associated with pregnancy [1]. Approximately 7.6% of pregnancies in the United States are complicated by GDM [2,3], which significantly increases the mother's risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) later in l

• Our study has some limitations

  2021-11-03

  

  Our study has some limitations. While our study provides data from a diverse multi-country setting, we did not have a sufficient sample size to investigate whether the relationship of micronutrients and XEN445 with CD4 recovery differed by country. We relied on measurement of deficiencies based on m

• Dendritic damage and loss of

  2021-11-03

  

  Dendritic damage and loss of synaptic connections correlate with cognitive decline in HAND patients. Synapse loss induced by HIV proteins occurs early and via a different signaling pathway from that leading to neuronal death (Kim et al., 2008), suggesting that synapse loss might be a mechanism to re

• Even though for almost years GnRH was considered the

  2021-11-03

  

  Even though for almost 30 years GnRH was considered the main neuropeptide regulating gonadotropin release in vertebrates, Tsutsui et al. (2000) discovered, in the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, a hypothalamic neuropeptide that directly inhibits gonadotropin release, and thus named as gonadotropi

• After brain injury adenosine levels rapidly increase in the

  2021-11-03

  

  After brain injury, adenosine levels rapidly increase in the brain [9,10]. As shown in our previous studies, the increased adenosine concentration acts on adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), increasing post-traumatic glutamate levels in the brain and exacerbating the severity of injuries [11,12]. Accor

• However Gingrich and Hen reported that absence

  2021-11-03

  

  However, Gingrich and Hen reported that absence of the gene at all stages of ontogenesis of mice may interfere with the normal developmental program and/or the organism may undergo changes in other systems to compensate for gene absence (46). In addition, potentially altered maternal behavior of GPR

• A localization of GK to both

  2021-11-03

  

  A localization of GK to both a cytoplasmic and perinuclear area of normal rat pancreatic beta-cells was reported in 1996 (Noma et al., 1996), which changed on acute hyperglycemia to a more diffuse staining throughout the cytoplasm. The localization of GK within the nucleus was first reported by Mura

• C steroids and their glycosylation products

  2021-11-03

  

  C21 steroids and their glycosylation products distribute widely in Asclepiadaceae plants. Their anticancer activities have been shown in different human cell lines and in vivo animal experiments [[27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32]]. However, the mechanisms of their anticancer activities are still un

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