• Five alternatively spliced isoforms of ATX have been describ

  2023-10-18

  

  Five alternatively-spliced isoforms of ATX have been described and all are catalytically active [16], [17]. The original ATX described in 1992 is termed ATXα, whereas the most abundant isoform is ATXβ and is the same isoform responsible for plasma lysoPLD activity [18]. Full length ATX is synthesize

• CK is considered a central controller of cellular energy

  2023-10-18

  

  CK is considered a central controller of cellular energy homeostasis that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and creatine to produce PCr [5]. This enzyme builds up a large pool of rapidly diffusing PCr for temporal and spatial buffering of

• With regard to the first question subcellular fractionation

  2023-10-18

  

  With regard to the first question, subcellular fractionation studies revealed that BDK and PPM1K are clearly detectable in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic subcellular fractions, thus making it possible for these enzymes to interact with both the BCKDH and ACL substrates. The preferential prese

• br Extracellular domain architecture The extracellular regio

  2023-10-18

  

  Extracellular domain architecture The extracellular region of GABAB receptor exists in a heterodimeric configuration regardless of interactions within the rest of the protein (Geng et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2004, Nomura et al., 2008). The extracellular domains of the GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits ar

• In the nineties we knew that baclofen was

  2023-10-18

  

  In the nineties we knew that (-)baclofen was the stereo-selective ligand for the GABAB receptor which had been recognised by Norman Bowery as a receptor for GABA, which was different from the GABAA receptor (Hill and Bowery, 1981). GABAB receptor antagonists were also synthesised and made available

• br Funding The present study

  2023-10-18

  

  Funding The present study was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) within Research Program 1001, unique project number: 214S349. Introduction The apelin receptor, also called APJ or angiotensin receptor-like 1 was first cloned in 1993 due to its stro

• 4945 MiR has already been implicated in

  2023-10-18

  

  MiR-21 has already been implicated in the protective effects of Res on lung fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms are underexplored. Our results showed a clear increase of activation protein 1 (AP-1) activity after TGF-β treatment, which was suppressed by Res in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting

• It is now thought that tight binding of HMGB

  2023-10-17

  

  It is now thought that tight binding of HMGB to condensed chromatin may not be restricted to apoptotic cells. That HMGB proteins might actually be involved in the organization and/or maintenance of heterochromatic regions is suggested by the results of experiments analyzing the stable binding of the

• At the top of the

  2023-10-17

  

  At the top of the S1 subsite cylinder are two “cap” residues: E572 and M1034 [13]. Atomic structures of PfA-M1 have revealed important clues into potential roles for the cap residues in substrate selection. In the PfA-M1:bestatin co-crystal structure ([13]; Fig. 1), the P1 phenyl ring occupies the S

• Introduction Rapeseed oil production is very

  2023-10-17

  

  Introduction Rapeseed oil production is very important not only because of its application in food industry, but also in petrochemical branch. Additionally, post-extraction meal and bagasse from oilseed rape are important sources of proteins in animal feedstuffs production. Oilseed rape (Brassica n

• A number of interesting anti inflammatory molecules have

  2023-10-17

  

  A number of interesting anti-inflammatory molecules have also been identified that are derived from AA or ω−3 fatty acids, including the lipoxins (for “lipoxygenase interaction products”), resolvins, and protectins [18], [19] (Fig. 1). The lipoxins are synthesized from AA by 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX, as

• Pregnane X receptor PXR is a nuclear

  2023-10-17

  

  Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor that plays an important role in regulation of metabolism and disposition of structurally diverse xenobiotics as well as endogenous steroids and bile acids (Bertilsson et al., 1998, Kliewer et al., 1998, Lehmann et al., 1998). PXR regulates the metaboli

• ritodrine The subdivision of HT receptors started

  2023-10-17

  

  The subdivision of 5-HT receptors started in the 1950s by Gaddum and colleagues, when they realised that in the guinea pig ileum, the effects of 5-HT could be blocked in part by morphine (M), and in part by dibenzyline (D). Gaddum and Picarelli proposed two receptor classes, 5-HT M and 5-HT D (1957)

• However although in vitro studies in heterologous systems

  2023-10-17

  

  However, although in vitro studies in heterologous systems have provided very important indications of potential novel pharmacology, the studies with endogenous receptors in native tissues are essential to provide evidence for GPCR heteromerization in vivo and to confirm its physiological relevance.

• Our results showed that oral administration of

  2023-10-17

  

  Our results showed that oral administration of cordycepin, in the concentrations of 5 and 10mg/kg for 3weeks, exerted no influence on body weight and hippocampus weight in mice. Although some reports have pointed out that cordycepin had toxic effects because it may be potential for inducing cell dea

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