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However one major challenge will be to understand how
2020-12-18
However, one major challenge will be to understand how the diverse actions of D2Rs in multipartite, dopamine-sensitive circuits are coordinated to produce specific behaviors across species. It is possible that emerging techniques for imaging neuronal activity in different neuronal population in beha
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This pathway appears to have importance
2020-12-18
This pathway appears to have importance in epilepsy. DGKε(−/−) mice had significantly fewer motor seizure and epileptic events compared with DGKε(+/+) mice [18]. This could be explained by the fact that in the knockout mice a greater fraction of the SAG would be converted to 2-AG. 2-AG itself is kno
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Hepatic steatosis is strongly associated with insulin
2020-12-18
Hepatic steatosis is strongly associated with insulin resistance. Numerous studies in humans and animals have shown that insulin-resistant states are often accompanied by hepatic steatosis (Angulo and Lindor, 2001, Marchesini et al., 1999, Marchesini et al., 2005, Petersen and Shulman, 2006, Seppala
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Acyclovir DDR expression is upregulated in the glomeruli and
2020-12-18
DDR1 expression is upregulated in the glomeruli and tubules of injured kidneys [7], [8], [19]; however, what role this receptor plays in kidney resident Acyclovir is unclear. A plausible hypothesis is that DDR1 might contribute to kidney injury by directly exerting a pro-fibrotic action. In favor t
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br CXCR The CXC receptor and CXCR and CXCR
2020-12-17
CXCR1/2 The CXC receptor 1 and 2 (CXCR1 and CXCR2) have been well characterised in vertebrates. In mammals and birds, the two receptors are shared by the ELR+ CXC ligands, namely the CXCL8 family members that have proinflammatory roles in recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages to s
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Apart from its high affinity
2020-12-17
Apart from its high affinity, the selection of GW2580 as matrix metalloproteinase lead in our radiotracer development program was motivated by its exceptional selectivity. The observed profound impact of small structural modifications on the selected panel of four kinases tested prompted us to condu
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br Crystal structure of c FMS and binding pattern
2020-12-17
Crystal structure of c-FMS and binding pattern of CSF-1 and IL-34 c-FMS is a 972 amino acids polypeptides containing transmembrane glycoprotein [19]. It contains all the necessary domains required for tyrosine kinase activity, i.e. 512 amino hypoxia inducible factor N-terminal extracellular segme
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Injurious effects of cigarette smoke CS on human health are
2020-12-17
Injurious effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on human health are progressively being acknowledged both in animal and human studies. CS is a highly complex mixture that contains substantive amounts of toxic oxidants, nitric oxide, organic compounds, free radicals and microbial cell components including
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br Experimental procedures br Introduction Perfluorooctane s
2020-12-17
Experimental procedures Introduction Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an anthropogenic compound with high thermal, chemical and biological stability, which makes it a perfect ingredient for many industrial applications (Kissa, 2001). Nevertheless, these characteristics also mean that PFOS i
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Given a disruption of membrane internalization and
2020-12-17
Given a disruption of membrane internalization and an increase in synaptic glutamate receptors in CPG2 knockdown neurons, one might expect an increase in dendritic spine size as membrane continues to be inserted into the spines during receptor exocytosis. However, we observed the opposite phenotype,
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In this study a GMI of was associated
2020-12-17
In this study, a GMI of 1.0 was associated with high sensitivity above 90%, specificity below 30% and higher negative predictive value. However, this cut-off couldn't have been optimal because of the lower level of Youden J Index which was 50% of patients with culture positive sputum had a GMI >6.0.
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Since the aggregation of neurotoxic forms
2020-12-17
Since the aggregation of neurotoxic forms of Aβ plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis, an approach that using small molecules to bind Aβ monomers and prevent their assembly into cytotoxic oligomers attracts great interest for the development of AD drugs. Therefore, the potential inhibitory activit
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The repeat sequence TTAGGG of
2020-12-17
The repeat sequence “TTAGGG” of telomere could be directly recognized by TERF1. TERF1 is indispensable for the maintenance of telomere GDC-0032 structure and integrity (Tan et al., 2017). Trf1 genetic depletion in vivo induces a persistent DNA damage response and telomere uncapping, which effective
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br Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic signaling The concep
2020-12-17
Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic signaling The concept of a synapse between a neuron and an innervated cell, and the receptors that mediated their interaction, was developed by Bernard, Ehrlich, Sherrington, Langley and others (see [7], [8], [9]. It was long debated whether transmission of ne
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In this
2020-12-17
Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we confirmed the activation of Akt by udenafil in 3T3-L1 cells. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of udenafil, we focused on the mitochondria. Our findings demonstrated that udenafil improved mitochondrial function and expression o
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