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Introduction Hepatitis C virus HCV
2021-09-10
Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (50–80 nm in size) enveloped RNA virus belonging to the Hepacivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family [1]. The HCV particle consists of a nucleocapsid, which contains the positive single-stranded RNA genome covered by a host cell-derived lipid envelope
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Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus GDM is
2021-09-10
Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications associated with pregnancy [1]. Approximately 7.6% of pregnancies in the United States are complicated by GDM [2,3], which significantly increases the mother's risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) later in l
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The ability of FFA to elevate intracellular levels of
2021-09-10
The ability of FFA4 to elevate intracellular levels of Ca2+5, 38, 39, 40 provided early predictions of a key role of the phosphoinositidase C-linked G proteins Gq and/or G11 in transduction of signals from this receptor, while later studies that examined production of inositol phosphates [41] provid
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The original Bee Synch methodology now termed Bee Synch
2021-09-10
The original Bee Synch methodology (now termed Bee Synch I) utilizes a 5-day CIDR, GnRH (GnRH-1) and PGF on day 0, double dose of PGF on day 5, and FTAI with GnRH (GnRH-2) at 66 h after CIDR removal. Cruppe et al. (2014) reported that the inclusion of GnRH on day does not contribute appreciably to
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We tested this hypothesis with two
2021-09-10
We tested this hypothesis with two experiments. In the first experiment OVX monkeys implanted with an E2 Bufalin (this results in LH levels similar to the level during the follicular phase) were treated with daily injections of letrozole for 1 week and then EB was injected systemically mimicking the
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Loxapine Succinate synthesis Administration of a fructose ri
2021-09-09
Administration of a fructose-rich diet to normal rats induces insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, depending on treatment duration [23]. We have shown that development of these abnormalities as well as fat deposit in liver, are effectively prevented by co-administration of
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NAD+ mg br Funding sources This work was
2021-09-09
Funding sources This work was supported, in part, by NIH GM115388 to BGM. Acknowledgements Introduction Glucokinase (GCK) plays a central role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Its activity is restricted to NAD+ mg with important roles in whole-body glucose homeostasis [1]. In panc
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br Competing interests br Authors contributions br Transpare
2021-09-09
Competing interests Authors contributions Transparency document Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may further progress to liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma
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Growing evidence supporting the anti inflammatory and
2021-09-09
Growing evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective effects of FPR antagonists led to the screening of commercial libraries for novel small-molecule FPR antagonists. As result of these screening efforts and/or structure–activity relationship (SAR)-directed design and synthesis, a
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Recent evidence indicates that prolonged
2021-09-09
Recent evidence indicates that prolonged vasoconstriction of conductance and resistance arteries involves VSMCs TBCA polymerization, through activation of small GTPases [4] and a subsequently transition to a more solid rheology [5]. Actin polymerization occurs in two steps, nucleation and elongatio
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br Conclusions We concluded that the
2021-09-09
Conclusions We concluded that the inhibitory effects of propofol on fMMYALF-induced neutrophil activation are mediated by competition with FPR1, which inhibits receptor-mediated downstream signaling and inflammatory responses such as oxidative burst, elastase release, and chemotactic migration (F
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br Introduction Thrombosis is one of the leading causes
2021-09-09
Introduction Thrombosis is one of the leading causes of deaths in the cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI), unstable APY29 and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in developed countries [1], [2]. It is estimated that venous thromboembolism (VTE) afflicts about 1 million (1–2 per
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Meropenem synthesis Occupying at least of brain volume astro
2021-09-09
Occupying at least 50% of Meropenem synthesis volume, astroglial cells not only possess a high level of association in network through gap junctions and direct intercellular communications [28], but also are extensively exposed to extracellular fluid and contribute in shaping different types of syn
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In autoimmune diseases lymphocytes penetrate
2021-09-09
In autoimmune diseases, lymphocytes penetrate into the inflammatory lesions of tissues, where it is prominently hypoxic or even anoxic, and utilize glycolysis for an energy supply after activation or under hypoxia (Sitkovsky and Lukashev, 2005; Palazon et al., 2014), which is modulated by the oxygen
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Aberrant expression of HKII may be a
2021-09-09
Aberrant expression of HKII may be a required feature for cancer development and progression. Overexpression of HKII has been reported in tumor tissues of cancer patients with liver [9], ovary [8], [24] and larynx [25]. The clinical significance of HKII in cancer was noted as overexpression of HKII
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